Discussions about the evolution of human cognition usually portray the last common ancestor of apes and humans as a chimpanzee-like hominid. This has long been the prevailing view in both the philosophical and biological literature. Such a view has been challenged only by few researchers—most notoriously Adrienne Zihlman and Frans de Waal. For this minority, the bonobo is a mosaic of traits seen in both Pan species. In this paper I will argue that we have reasons for being sceptic about the prevailing view of our last common ancestor, and I will explore a particular version the mosaic model, based on currently available behavioural and neurobiological evidence. If that picture turn out to be correct, I will argue, some evolutionary scenarios that have been provided for the evolution of human cognition would be incorrect. For that reason in the final part of the paper, I will explore some possible consequences for ongoing debates about the evolution of social and moral cognition.