Toleration is often said to be the solution to religious conflicts but what if it is our concepts of toleration that conflict?  This seems to be the case in Australia today.  Different conceptions of toleration are evident in discussions about the public place of religion in Australia.  These, in turn, stem from very different ideas of what is religion and religious belief.  This paper looks at the clash between a ‘Lockean’ understanding of toleration based on notion of religion as belief based, individualistic and internal and ‘Multicultural’ understanding of toleration which assumes religion to be about group based identities requiring recognition.  In light of Charles Taylor's account of the development of religious belief I then suggest some conclusions.